Effect of Guizhi Fuling Capsule on Apoptosis of Myeloma Cells Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of Guizhi Fuling Capsule (GZFLC) on myeloma cells and explore the mechanisms.@*METHODS@#MM1S and RPMI 8226 cells were co-cultured with different concentrations of serum and the cell experiments were divided into negative (10%, 20% and 40%) groups, GZFLC (10%, 20%, and 40%) groups and a control group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and flow cytometry were used to detect the viability and apoptosis levels of myeloma cells. The effects on mitochondria were examined by reactive oxygen specie (ROS) and tetrechloro-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) assays. Western blot was used to detect the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, -9, cytochrome C (Cytc) and apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). RPMI 8226 cells (2 × 107) were subcutaneously inoculated into 48 nude mice to study the in vivo antitumor effects of GZFLC. The mice were randomly divided into four groups using a completely randomized design, the high-, medium-, or low-dose GZFLC (840, 420, or 210 mg/kg per day, respectively) or an equal volume of distilled water, administered daily for 15 days. The tumor volume changes in and survival times of the mice in the GZFLC-administered groups and a control group were observed. Cytc and Apaf-1 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#GZFLC drug serum decreased the viability and increased the apoptosis of myeloam cells (P<0.05). In addition, this drug increased the ROS levels and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01). Western blot showed that the Bcl-2/Bax ratios were decreased in the GZFLC drug serum-treated groups, whereas the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, -9, Cytc and Apaf-1 were increased (all P<0.01). Over time, the myeloma tumor volumes of the mice in the GZFLC-administered groups decreased, and survival time of the mice in the GZFLC-administered groups were longer than that of the mice in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues from the mice in the GZFLC-administered groups revealed that the Cytc and Apaf-1 expression levels were increased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#GZFLC promoted apoptosis of myeloma cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and significantly reduced the tumor volumes in mice with myeloma, which prolonged the survival times of the mice.

Study on the spatial distribution and related factors of medical insurance designated retail pharmacies in Guiyang / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To pr ovide theoretic support for Guiyang to scientifically guide the development of drug retail industry and implement national health policies . METHODS The data were collected through statistical yearbook ，data cloud ， coordinate acquisition device of Application Programming Interface of Baidu map and so on. The spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility of medical insurance designated retail pharmacies （shorted for “designated pharmacies ”）in Guiyang were analyzed by spatial analysis based on Geographic Information System. The related factors for the distribution of designated pharmacies in Guiyang were analyzed by statistical method. RESULTS The number of designated pharmacies ，designated pharmacies per thousand people and designated pharmacies per 10 km2 in Guiyang increased from 2 018，0.41 and 2.51 in 2020 to 2 500，0.42 and 3.11 in 2021，with growth rates of 23.89％，2.44％ and 23.90％ respectively. The service area of the designated pharmacies that residents of Guiyang reached within 15 minutes on foot was 10.27％ of the total service area of designated pharmacies in Guiyang. The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between the regional gross regional production ，total retail sales of consumer goods ，population，urban per capita disposable income and the number of designated pharmacies in Guiyang were 0.999，0.999，0.977 and 0.992，respectively （all P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of designated pharmacies is insufficient in Guiyang ，the development of designated pharmacies in various administrative regions is uneven ，and the layout of pharmacies is significantly affected by economic and demographic factors. It is suggested that the local government should explore the strategy of scientifically and reasonably expanding the coverage of designated pharmacies in urban and rural areas，promote the rational layout of pharmacies with appropriate economic and demographic policies ，and pay attention to improving the service capacity of designated pharmacies ，so as to improve the quality of life of the people and guide the healthy and high-quality development of drug retail industry.

Comparison of Protein Binding Rate of DPP- 4 Inhibitor LGT- 6 in Different Species of Plasma / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for determining protein binding rate of dipeptidyl peptidase- 4 inhibitor LGT- 6 in different species of plasma ，and to compare their difference. METHODS ：By equilibrium dialysis ，LGT-6（3，30，300，3 000 nmol/L）was equilibrated in rat ，monkey and human plasma （i. e. internal dialysis solution ）for 48 h，using phosphate buffer as the external dialysis solution. The concentration of LGT- 6 in internal and external dialysis solution was determined by UPLC-MS/MS using tolbutamide as internal standard ，and the plasma protein binding rate was calculated. The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T 3 column with water （containing 0.01％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile（containing 0.01％ formic acid ）as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃，and the sample size was 2 μL. The ion source was electrospray ion source ，and the multiple ion monitoring mode was used to carry out positive ionization scanning. The ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 487.0→434.3（LGT-6），m/z 271.1→172.0（internal standard ），respectively. RESULTS ：At the concentrations of 3，30，300，and 3 000 nmol/L，the protein binding rates of LGT- 6 in rat plasma were （96.25±0.97）％，（84.16± 1.24）％，（78.25±0.61）％，（66.63±0.95）％；the protein protein binding rates in monkey plasma were （98.54±0.58）％，（87.27± 1.01）％，（79.35±0.86）％，（66.69±0.54）％；the protein binding rates in human plasma were （99.40±1.03）％，（84.48± 1.15）％，（77.62±0.77）％，（66.93±0.48）％. At the same concentration ，the protein binding rates of LGT- 6 in rat ，monkey and human plasma had no significant difference （P＞0.05）. In the same species of plasma ，there were significant differences in the plasma protein binding rates of different concentration of LGT-6 among those groups （P＜0.05），and it decreased with 才〔2016〕4015） the increase of drug concentration. CONCLUSIONS ： The method for the determination of plasma protein binding rate of LGT-6 is successfully established. The data revealed that the protein binding rate of LGT- 6 is concentration-dependent ， there was no obvious spec ies difference on protein binding rates of LGT- 6 in rat ，monkey and human plasma under the same concentration.

Research Advance of Autophagy in Acute Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease is a refractory disease which can affect implantation and become a threat to life in severe cases. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation pathway necessary for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. In recent years, a large number of studies have found that it is closely related to the pathogenesis and process of acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease. The main mechanisms may involve that inflammatory factor storm after pretreatment and infusion of donor cells induces disordered intestinal immune tolerance, and abnormal oxidative stress damages intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to intestinal rejection of acute graft-versus-host disease via mTOR signal pathway of autophagy, disordered mitophagy and other related pathways.

Study on Metabolic Stability of Foretinib Derivative LWK- 126 in Liver Microsomes of Different Species / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the metho d for the concentration det ermination of foretinib derivative LWK- 126 in liver microsomes，and to study its metabolism stability in liver microsomes of rats ，Beagle dogs and human. METHODS ：In the in vitro incubation system of liver microsomes ，LWK-126 was dissolved in liver microsomal incubation systems of rats ，Beagle dog and human initiated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate solution. After incubation in water at 37 ℃ for 0，5，10，20， 30 and 60 min，the reaction was terminated with acetonitrile containing internal standard （1 μg/mL tolbutamide）. UPLC-MS/MS method was applied to determine the concentration of LWK- 126 in the incubation systems. The determination was performed on Waters BEH C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.1％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile（containing 0.1％ formic acid）by gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the sample size was 2 μL. The mass spectral analysis was performed in a positive electrospray ionization mode ，and the full MS experiment was run with the selective reaction monitoring mode with a scanning range of m/z 50→1 200. Taking the concentration of LWK- 126 at 0 min as reference，the remaining percentage and the enzyme kinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS ：The linear range of LWK- 126 was 0.05-15 μg/mL（R 2＝0.999 2）；the lower limit of quantification was 0.05 μg/mL，and the lowest detection limit was 0.01 μg/mL. The precision，accuracy，extraction recovery and matrix effect all met the analysis requirements of biological samples. The remaining percentage of LWK- 126 in liver microsomes of human ，rats and Beagle dogs for 60 min were （33.17±4.52）％，（3.14± 6.73）％，（1.38±5.85）％；t1/2 of them were 33.15，11.76，5.62 min；the clearance rates were 38.45，118.81，245.76 μL（/ min·mg）， respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The method for the content ； determination of LWK- 126 in liver microsomes is established successfully. The order of metabolic stability of LWK- 126 in 〔2016〕4015） liver microsomes of different species is human ＞rats＞Beagle dogs.

Research Progress of Non-coding RNA in Multiple Myeloma with Heart Disease---Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Some non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), as functional RNA molecules, lack potential to encode proteins, but can affect gene expression and disease progression through a variety of mechanisms. In multiple myeloma (MM), cardiovascular disease is one of the most common complications, which may be related to a variety of factors, including patient's own factors, disease-related factors, drug factors, etc. Non-coding RNA is considered to be an important regulator of cardiovascular event risk factors and cell function, and an important candidate target for improving the condition and prognostic assessment. This article briefly summarized the role of non-coding RNA in cardiac amyloidosis caused by MM, damage to the heart by inflammatory factors, and heart disease caused by chemotherapy drugs in recent years.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture Combined with Back Shu Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Treating Allergic Rhinitis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with back Shu acupoint catgut embedding therapy in treating allergic rhinitis. Methods Totally 66 allergic rhinitis patients were included. Random number table method was used to divide the 66 patients into observation group and control group, with 33 cases in each group. The control group was given Ketotifen Fumarate Nasal Drops nose drops 2 drops each time, 3 times a day, Loratadine Tablets 10 mg orally, once a day for 4 weeks. The experimental group was treated with acupuncture, once a day, 10 d as a treatment course, three courses in total; at the same time, back Shu acupoint catgut embedding therapy was given, 15 d each time, twice treatment in total. After the end of treatment, clinical efficacy, clinical symptom score, life quality score, serum levels of inflammatory factors, serum immunoglobulin, peripheral blood eosinophil count and the incidence of adverse reactionsof the two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate was 93.94％ (31/33) in observation group and 75.76％ (25/33) in the control group, with statistical significance in the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture combined with catgut embedding therapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has a significant clinical efficacy, which can improve the level of inflammatory factors in patients with high safety.

Role of heteroplasmic mutations in the mitochondrial genome and the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in the pathogenesis of chronic aplastic anemia in patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze changes in gene amplification in the mitochondrial genome and in the ID4 gene promoter methylation region in patients with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) suffering from Kidney (Shen) yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow and oral epithelium samples were collected from CAA patients with Kidney yin deficiency or Kidney yang deficiency (20 cases). Bone marrow samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. The mitochondrial genome was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were used for sequencing and analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Higher mutational rates were observed in the ND1-2, ND4-6, and CYTB genes in CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency. Moreover, the ID4 gene was unmethylated in bone marrow samples from healthy individuals, but was methylated in some CAA patients suffering from Kidney yin deficiency (positive rate, 60%) and Kidney yang deficiency (positive rate, 55%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These data supported that gene mutations can alter the expression of respiratory chain enzyme complexes in CAA patients, resulting in energy metabolism impairment and promoting the physiological and pathological processes of hematopoietic failure. Functional impairment of the mitochondrial respiration chain induced by gene mutation may be an important reason for hematopoietic failure in patients with CAA. This change is closely related to maternal inheritance and Kidney yin deficiency. Finally, these data supported the assertion that it is easy to treat disease in patients suffering from yang deficiency and difficult to treat disease in patients suffering from yin deficiency.</p>

Comparison of clinical efficacy between decitabine combined with CAG regimen and CAG regimen alone in patients with intermediate to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to compare the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of low-dose decitabine combined with CAG regimen (aclarubicin, Ara-C, and G-CSF) and CAG regimen alone in intermediate to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and evaluate the validity and efficacy of the former regimen as new treatment method of intermediate to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. A total of 12 patients with intermediate (IR) to high-risk (HR) MDS treated by low-dose decitabine combined with CAG regimen and 10 patients with IR to HR MDS treated by CAG regimen alone were evaluated after treatment of 1 cycle and at least after 2 cycles. The complete remission (CR) after 1 cycle, overall remission rate (ORR), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between them were analyzed. The results showed that 9 patients treated by low-dose decitabine combined with CAG regimen achieved complete remission after 1 cycle, 2 patients achieved partial remission, 1 patient did not show reaction. The complete remission rate was 75.0% and overall response rate was 91.7%. The median time of disease free survival was 9 months (0-27 months). The median overall survival time was 16 months (3-28 months). 4 patients suffered from pulmonary infection after treatment and then were all cured after treatment with anti-infective therapy. The 5 patients treated by CAG regimen alone achieved complete remission,3 patients achieved partial remission, 2 patients showed non-reaction. The complete remission rate was 50.0% and overall response rate was 80.0%. The median time of disease free survival was 6 months(0-18 months). The median overall survival time was 13 months(3-31 months), 4 patients suffered from pulmonary infection, 1 patient suffered from enteric infection and 1 patient suffered from Escherichia coli septicemia after treatment, all of them becomed better after active treatment. Two groups of patients all had no serious adverse reactions, All patients could tolerate, no severe complication-related death occurred in them. The statistical analysis indicated that the patients treated with low-dose decitabine combined with CAG regimen had longer progression free survival time than those treated with CAG regimen alone, and had longer overall survival time but did not have statistically significant. It is concluded that low-dose decitabine combined with CAG regimen has better clinical efficacy for patients with intermediate to high-risk MDS and did not increase risk for them. It is worth to apply in clinic.

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on hemogram in rats with gastric ulcer / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on hemogram in rats with gastric ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Physicochemical properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized. Twenty-four clear class SD male rats, aging 8 week-old, were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 rats for each group. 20% acetic acid were injected into the rats' stomach on the border of gastric body and pyloric antrum, and hereby established the gastric ulcer model. The rats in 4 groups were exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles through intragastric administration at 0, 10, 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively for 30 days. Afterwards, the rats were conducted blood routine test and blood coagulation test for analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TiO₂ nanoparticles were anatase crystals, closely spherical shape, whose average grain diameter was (75 ± 15) nm. The levels of white blood cell (WBC) count ((8.48 ± 3.28)×10⁹/L), lymphocyte (LYM) ((6.85 ± 2.53)×10⁹/L), monocyte (MOD) ((0.27 ± 0.12)×10⁹/L), granulocyte (GRN) ((1.37 ± 0.86)×10⁹/L), red blood cell (RBC) ((8.20 ± 0.49)×10⁹/L) and hematocrit (HCT) ((45.3 ± 1.4)%) in the 200 mg/kg dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group ((2.63 ± 0.34)×10⁹/L, (2.25 ± 0.26)×10⁹/L, (0.05 ± 0.06)×10⁹/L, (0.33 ± 0.26)× 10⁹/L, (4.87 ± 2.37)×10⁹/L and (27.2 ± 13.3)%, respectively; t values were -3.449, -3.825, -3.554, -3.097, -2.972 and -2.936 respectively, P values all < 0.05). The levels of WBC ((6.88 ± 3.06)×10⁹/L), MOD ((0.20 ± 0.07)×10⁹/L), RBC ((7.79 ± 0.48)×10⁹/L) and HCT ((42.7 ± 2.8)%) in 50 mg/kg dose group were also statistically higher than those in the control group (t values were -2.507, -2.367, -2.605 and -2.511 respectively, all P values < 0.05). There was no statistically difference found in other blood routine index and coagulation index between the three experimental groups and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The long term intake of TiO₂ nanoparticles caused a statistically increase in the amount of WBC and RBC in rats with gastric ulcer; however, there was no obvious changes found in blood platelet and coagulation index.</p>

ID4 promoter methylation in acute myeloid leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Objective of this study was to investigate the ID4 gene methylation status in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) was used to detect the promoter methylation status of ID4 gene in bone marrow samples from 46 AML patients with different subtypes and stage of disease and from 10 patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) as a control. The results showed that ID4 gene in bone marrow of IDA patients was completely non-methylated, while ID4 gene methylation was found in 39 out of 46 AML patients (positive rate 84.8%). The positive rates of ID4 gene methylation in different FAB types M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄, M₅, M₆ were 100% (4/4), 75% (9/12), 100% (8/8), 77.8% (7/9), 81.8% (9/11), 100% (2/2) respectively. The positive rates of ID4 gene methylation in newly diagnosed and complete remitted of AML patients were 90% (27/30) and 63.3% (7/11) respectively; ID4 methylation was detected in 5 relapsed and refractory AML patients. There were statistically significant differences in ID4 gene methylation between AML and IDA patients (p < 0.01). It is concluded that compared with IDA patients, ID4 gene methylation changes of different degrees occur in AML patients with different subtypes and stages, which suggests that ID4 gene methylation may be an early molecular event in the process of AML.

Chemical constituents from Salvia przewalskii Maxim / 药学学报

The investigation on Salvia przewalskii Maxim was carried out to find the relationship of the constituents and their pharmacological activities. The isolation and purification were performed by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-C18 column chromatography, etc. Further investigation on the fraction of the 95% ethanol extract of Salvia przewalskii Maxim yielded przewalskin Y-1 (1), anhydride of tanshinone-II A (2), sugiol (3), epicryptoacetalide (4), cryptoacetalide (5), arucadiol (6), 1-dehydromiltirone (7), miltirone (8), cryptotanshinone (9), tanshinone II A (10) and isotanshinone-I (11). Their structures were elucidated by the spectral analysis such as NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and MS (Mass Spectrometry). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 4 and 5 are mirror isomers (1 : 3). Compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, 11 were isolated from Salvia przewalskii Maxim for the first time.

Influence of traditional medicine prescription on Flt3 and N-ras mRNA expression in leukemic stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:There is a group of leukemic stem cell (LSC) in patients with leukemia. These malignant stern cells, although rare, but self-renewal, with a certain degree of differentiation is the existence of leukemic cells and causes of their continued proliferation. Intervention of leukemia-specific targeted treatment drugs has become a research hotspot in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of traditional medicine compound on expression of flt3 and N-ras mRNA in LSCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, grouping experiment was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2007 to December 2008.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 50 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia admitted to Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between 2006 and 2007 were selected, including 5 cases of type FAB, 15 of M2, 9 of M4 and 21 of M5.METHODS: Original prescription: Huangqi, Hedyotic diffusa, Xiaoji, Taizishen, Banzhilian, Pugongying, Rehmannia dride rhizome, Huangjing, Nuzhenzi, ecliptae herba, Tiandong, Maidong, Baizhu, Fuling, Liquorice root. Fuzheng prescription: Huangqi, Hedyotic diffusa, Xiaoji, Banzhilian, Pugongying, ecliptae herba. Preparation: the above-mentioned three groups of drugs were prepared into 1 g/mL medicine liquid by Laboratory of Chinese Drug Preparation of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. When it was negative in sterility test, the liquid was filtrated and sterilized. 5 mL bone marrow was separately harvested from M1, M2, M4, and M5 leukemia patients, diluted and placed in lymphocyte isolation solution. LSCs were purified by magnetic activated cell sorting and flow cytometry. The cell concentration was adjusted to 2×108/L and divided into 4 groups: control (no treatment), and three experimental groups (treated separately with original, Fuzheng, Quxie prescriptions at final concentration of 100 mg/L). The cells were cultured for 48 additional hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Flt3 and N-ras in LSCs. RESULTS: The expression of flt3 in three experimental groups was significantly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05), in particular, original prescription group decreased the most (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found between Fuzheng and the Quxie prescription groups (P>0.05). The expression of N-ras in four groups was similar to Flt3. CONCLUSION: Flt3 and N-ras mRNA were overexpressed in LSCs. Chinese medicine original prescription and its Fuzheng or Quxie prescriptions decreased Flt3 and N-ras mRNA expression.

Leukemic stem cells target therapy / 国际肿瘤学杂志

It is proposed that surviving leukemia stem cell (LSC) is a major contributing factor to leu-kemic relapse because of its molecular and cellular features.Several recent studies have proved that LSC can be eliminated by target therapy.

A new therapeutic strategy in myelodysplasia syndromes: modification of the epigenome / 白血病·淋巴瘤

The term epigenetics refers to a number of biochemical modifications of chromatin that, without altering the primary sequence of DNA, play a role in genomic regulation and in control of particular gene expression. These modifications involve several kinds, such as DNA methylation, histone code modifications and chromatin remodeling. It is accepted that these modifications is as common in solid tumors as it is in hematologic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS). So many specialists suggest that the study of this area is very valuable. The current clinical information regarding different forms of epigenetic therapy in patients with MDS were focused in this review.

Chemical constituents from Faeces bombycis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from Faeces bombycis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Isolation and purification were carried out on silic gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography. The chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fifteen compounds were identified as 3S, 5R-dihydroxy-6R, 7-megstigmadien-9-one (1), 3S, 5R-dihydroxy-6S, 7-megstigmadien-9-one (2), (6R, 9R)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (6R, 9S)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), blumenol C glucoside (5), byzantionoside B (6), alangionoside L (7), lutein (8), pipecolic acid (9), betaine (10), alanine (11), glutamic acid (12), phenylalanine (13), leucine (14), isoleucine (15).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were separated from Faeces bombycis for the first time.</p>

Electroacupuncture warming therapy combined with western medicine for treatment of myasthenia gravis and effect on IL-4 level in the patients / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) warming therapy on myasthenia gravis (MG) and effect on IL-4 in the patient.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with MG were randomly divided into two groups, 30 patients in each group. The observation group were treated with EA warming therapy with Tanzhong (CV 17), Shimen (CV 5), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongwan (CV 12), Yanglingquan (GB 34) selected as main points, and oral administration of Pyridostigmine (90 - 240 mg each day) and Prednisone (30 - 60 mg each day). The control group were treated with oral administration of Pyridostigmine (240-480 mg each day) and Prednisone (60-100 mg each day). Clinical therapeutic effects and serum Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 93.3% in the observation group, which was better than 70.0% in the control group (P < 0.01); after treatment, the serum IL-4 levels in the two groups significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the decrease of IL-4 in the observation group being significantly better than the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA warming therapy combined with western medicine has a significant therapeutic effect on myasthenia gravis. One of the mechanisms possibly is to restrain specific immune reaction by regulating the level of IL-4.</p>

SRAP study on genetic diversity of radix plygoni multiflori in chongqing / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the polymorphisms of Radix Plygoni Multiflori in chongqing by means of a new marker system SRAP.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Different shaples of Radix Plygoni Multiflori from major production areas were collected. The SRAP was used to asses divergence among 16 populations. The data were analyzed using unweighted pairgroup method, based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) bootstrap analysis. Cluster analyses was performed by using DPSv3.01 software, the alkaloid was extracted from P. ternate with chlorolform.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>104 combinations generated 250 polymorphie bands, the cluster analysis indicated that 16 materials could be distinguished into two main groups and one special type, Nei&Li similarity coefficient ranged from 0.23-0.99, and the average distance is 0. 44.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of the study showed a potential application of SRAP fingerprinting for identification of Radix Plygoni Multiflori.</p>

Protective effect of NEP on Abeta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the effect of NEP on Abeta -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PC12 cells that stably express NEP is generated and the effect of NEP on the process of apoptosis induced by Abeta is analyzed, including the viability of the cells, the production of LDH, ROS and ATP, the activity of Caspase-3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NEP could improve the viability of cells and the production of ATP, inhibit the release of LDH and ROS. In the same time, the activity of caspase-3 descended (P < 0.05). But iNEP had not significant effect on cells apoptosis (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NEP has the protective effect on Abeta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.</p>

Mechanism of reactive oxygen species in manganese chloride-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in manganese chloride (MnCl(2))-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The model that MnCl(2) induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was established. The apoptotic effect of MnCl(2) on PC12 cells was analyzed with the MTT, the flow cytometry and the DNA fragmentation. The production of ROS and ATP in MnCl(2)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells was examined. The influence of MnCl(2) on the expression of bcl-xl, bax and the activity of Caspase 3 was also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MnCl(2) triggered PC12 cells apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The rate of apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.01) when MnCl(2) of 2 mmol/L induced PC12 cells for 36 hours. The production of ROS was increased (P < 0.001) and the quantity of ATP was decreased (P < 0.01) in PC12 cells with the same inducement of MnCl(2). The expression of bcl-xl was inhibited and the bax was activated in this process (P < 0.01). Caspase 3 was also activated (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MnCl(2) induces apoptosis of PC12 cells, which is related to the increase of ROS, the inhibition of the mitochondria and the activation of Caspase 3.</p>